Traction motors are controlled via pulse converters.
2.
Each converter station was rated at 200 kV, 200 MW and consisted of two 6-pulse converter bridges in series.
3.
Each 6-pulse converter bridge consisted of 6 main Mercury-arc valves plus a 7th for high-speed bypass operations.
4.
With a power rating of 2000 MW per twelve-pulse converter, the converters for that project were ( as of 2010 ) the most powerful HVDC converters ever built.
5.
Bipole 2 can transfer a maximum power of 1800 MW at a potential of ?00 kV . Bipole 2 consists of four 12-pulse converter groups at each end ( two in series per pole ) and was put into service in two stages.
6.
Even higher powers can be achieved by connecting two or more twelve-pulse converters in series in each pole, as is used in the ?00 kV Xiangjiaba Shanghai project in China, which uses two twelve-pulse converter bridges in each pole, each rated at 400 kV DC and 1600 MW.
7.
Even higher powers can be achieved by connecting two or more twelve-pulse converters in series in each pole, as is used in the ?00 kV Xiangjiaba Shanghai project in China, which uses two twelve-pulse converter bridges in each pole, each rated at 400 kV DC and 1600 MW.
8.
The controls and older converters, including the mercury arc valves, were completely replaced ( in the same valve hall ) by a single pair of 3, 100 MW 12-pulse converters built by ABB . The upgrade was made to eliminate the environmental risks of maintenance costs of the obsolete mercury arc valves.
9.
Bipole 1 consists of six, 6-pulse converter groups at each end ( three in series per pole ), each originally rated at 150 kV DC, 1800 A . Subsequent upgrades have increased the current rating to 2000 A and the voltage rating of most equipment to 166 kV per bridge ( i . e ., 500 kV total ), although as of January 2013 Manitoba Hydro still report that the line is operated at + 463 kV / " 450 kV.
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